Table 12 Data collection and analysis in the included studies

Code Details
Behavior Restrictive Intervention/Restraint
Function Observation & Measurement Content Tools
Assessment Tools Content Tools
A Available ABC, QABF Frequency Daily log During restraint use Incident Report
B - - Irritability Aberrant Behavior Checklist (Aman et al., 1985) Frequency, severity, & type of physical restraints Scheirs et al.(2012)
C - - Frequency & duration - - -
D - - Aggression Overt Aggression Scale (Yudofsky et al, 1986) Frequency & duration of restraints & Seclusion -
E - - - - Users, staff involved, location, time, & day of the week Documentation, reporting to health dept., & database entry
F Available Participant interviews, staff surveys, & direct observation - - Duration of mechanical restraint use -
G Available Record review, staff interviews, & direct observation Count & Duration - - -
H - - Time-out & Social Isolation Medical records & time-out room logs Duration of mechanical restraint use, Number of users & frequency of Seclusion -
I - - Count Incident report log Physical restraint Recording, DB entry, & management review
J - - - - Duration of restraint & Seclusion -
K Available Behavior log (ABC data: Antecedents & Consequences) Frequency, intensity, & duration - - -
L - - Type, duration, & effectiveness Recording log - -
M - - - - Frequency & duration of physical restraint Daily collection & monthly reporting
N - - - - Frequency of Seclusion & severity of incidents Staff Observation Aggression Scale-Revised(SOAS-R, Nijman et al. 1999)
O - - Intensity, type, & frequency - Mechanical & physical restraints Summary review report
P - - - - Frequency & duration of physical restraint -
Q - - - - Duration of physical restraint -
R - - Type - Restraint position, duration, & number of staff involved -