Table 5 Types of restrictive interventions targeted for reduction and participant demographics in the included studies

Code	Focus of reduction				Service users
					Type of disability		Comorbidities / Multiple Disabilities			Age group
	R	MR	PR	S	ID/LD	ASD	MD	Co	Details	Infants & Toddlers	School-age	Adulthood
A	●	-	-	-	◆	-	■	-	ASD	-	-	○
B	-	-	●	-	◆	-	-	-	-	-	-	○
C	●	-	-	-	◆	-	-	■	Acute psychosis	-	-	○
D	●	-	-	●	◆	◆	-	-	-	-	-	○
E	-	-	●	-	◆	◆	-	■	Not reported	-	○	○
F	-	●	-	-	◆	-	-	■	Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome	-	-	○
G	-	●	●	-	◆	-	-	■	Intermittent Explosive Disorder	-	-	○
H	-	●	-	●	◆	-	-	■	Personality Disorders	-	-	○
I	-	-	●	-	◆	-	-	■	Not reported	-	-	○
J	●	-	-	●	◆	-	-	-	-	-	-	○
K	-	-	●	-	◆	-	-	-	-	-	-	○
L	●	-	-	-	-	◆	-	■	ADHD	-	○	-
M	●	-	-	-	◆	-	-	-	-	-	-	○
N	-	-	-	●	-	◆	-	-	-	-	-	○
O	-	●	●	-	◆	-	-	-	-	-	-	○
P	-	-	●	-	-	◆	-	-	-	-	○	-
Q	-	-	●	-	◆	-	■	-	ASD	-	-	○
R	-	-	●	-	◆	-	-	-	-	-	-	○
n	6	4	9	4	15	3	2	7	-	-	3	16

Note. ASD = Autism Spectrum Disorder; Co = Comorbidities; ID = Intellectual Disability; LD = Learning Disability; MD = Multiple Disabilities. MR = Mechanical Restraint; PR = Physical Restraint; R = Restrictive Intervention/Restraint; S = Seclusion.