Table 2. Theoretical Typology of Case Selection

Type	Workforce regulation: statutory regulation of an independent profession	Workforce regulation: embedded in existing professions / public programs
Financing: insurance-based	United States - State insurance mandates and Medicaid coverage; overlapping regulation by private certification (BACB) and state licensure; financing and workforce linked through CPT codes	No case - Where insurance coverage is introduced, workforce regulation tends to form through benefit- participation requirements
Financing: tax-based	Canada (Ontario) - Tax-funded OAP combined with statutory professional regulation (PABA Act, 2021); only registered behavior analysts may provide or supervise	Australia - Tax-based individual budgets (NDIS) with participation-requirement registration (Quality and Safeguards Commission); Norway - Universal public services embedded in existing licensed professions and higher education

Note. The two axes represent dimensions of variation, not a hierarchy of institutionalization pathways. Cases were selected to maximize institutional variation across the two dimensions; not all theoretical combinations were represented by an eligible case.