Journal of Behavior Analysis and Support
Korean Association for Behavior Analysis
Article

후진형 행동연쇄와 최대-최소 촉구가 발달장애 아동의 일상생활 기술 수행에 미치는 효과

강영모1, 양문봉2,*
Youngmo Kang1, Moonbong Yang2,*
1고려대학교 특수교육전공, 박사과정생
2백석대학교 특수교육과, 교수
1Korea University
2Baekseok University
*교신저자(mbyang@bu.ac.kr)

ⓒ Copyright 2021, The Daesoon Academy of Sciences. This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Received: Jul 07, 2021; Revised: Aug 12, 2021; Accepted: Aug 17, 2021

Published Online: Aug 31, 2021

요약

본 연구는 후진형 행동연쇄와 최대-최소 촉구가 발달장애 아동의 일상생활 기술 수행에 미치는 효과를 살펴보았다. 연구 참여자는 특수학교 중학과정 2학년 아동 2명이다. 종속변인은 아동이 아침에 등교한 뒤 자신의 가방과 신발, 겉옷을 정리하는 일상생활 기술로 설정하였으며 독립변인으로 후진형 행동연쇄와 최대-최소 촉구를 중재로 제공하였다. 관찰 및 측정은 일상생활 기술을 아동에 따라 개별적인 6-10단계로 과제분석한 뒤 수행률의 변화를 살펴보았으며 이때 수행률은 아동이 수행한 과제분석 단계의 수를 전체 과제분석 단계의 수로 나누어서 백분율로 산출하였다. 실험설계는 행동간 중다간헐설계 방법을 사용하여 기초선 단계, 중재 단계, 유지 단계의 자료를 수집하였으며 기능적 관계가 입증되었다. 시각적 분석 결과, 후진형 행동연쇄와 최대-최소 촉구는 발달장애를 가진 아동의 일상생활 기술을 개선하는 데 효과가 있고 중재 효과는 일정 시간이 지난 후에도 유지되었다. 연구 전반에 관한 논의와 제한점, 제언을 서술하였다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of backward chaining and most-to-least prompting on the performance of daily living skills of children with developmental disabilities. Two second-grade students from the special middle school participated in this study. Daily living skills, organizing one's bag, shoes, and jacket when the students arrive at the school in the morning, was selected as the dependent variable. The backward chaining and the most-to-least prompting provided as interventions were selected as the independent variables. For observation and measurement, the change in the performance rate was examined after analyzing daily living skills in individual 6-10 steps for each child. In this case, the performance rate was calculated as a percentage by dividing the number of task analysis steps performed by the child by the total number of task analysis steps. Using a multiple probe baseline design across behavior, the data of baseline, intervention, and maintenance phase were collected and functional relation was verified. The result of visual analysis revealed that the daily living skills of children with developmental disabilities have improved effectively by the backward chaining and the most-to-least prompting, and these intervention effects were maintained even after a period of time. Discussions, limitations, and suggestions regarding the overall study were described.

Keywords: 후진형 행동연쇄; 최대-최소 촉구; 촉구와 용암; 발달장애; 일상생활 기술
Keywords: Backward chaining; Most-to-least prompting (MTL); Prompting and fading; Developmental disabilities; Daily living skills