Article

생태학적 사정에 기반한 선행사건 중재가 미술수업에서 지적장애학생의 도전행동에 미치는 효과*

김선옥1, 채수정2,*
Sun-Ok Kim1, Soo-Jung Chae2,*
Author Information & Copyright
1대전혜광학교, 교사
2전주대학교 중등특수교육과, 교수
1Dept. of Secondary Special Education, Jeonju Univ
2Dept. of Secondary Special Education, Jeonju Univ
*교신저자(sjchae7@jj.ac.kr)

ⓒ Copyright 2018, The Daesoon Academy of Sciences. This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Received: Sep 25, 2018; Revised: Oct 21, 2018; Accepted: Oct 26, 2018

Published Online: Oct 31, 2018

Abstract

본 연구는 학교생활 중 수업참여에 있어서 도전행동을 보이는 지적장애학생들에게 생태학적 사정에 기반 한 선행사건 중재가 도전행동에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 대상은 특수학교 중학교 2학년 에 재학 중인 지적장애학생 3명이었고, 독립변인은 생태학적 사정에 기반한 선행사건 중재이며, 종속변인 은 대상 학생의 도전행동이었다. 직접관찰, 기존 기록 검토, 면담, 설문, 기능분석 등의 생태학적 사정을 통해 연구대상학생들의 개인변인과 환경변인, 교사변인 등을 파악하고 이 정보에 근거하여 선행사건 중 재를 시행하였다. 연구설계는 단일대상연구 방법 중 대상자간 중다기초선설계를 사용하였으며, 기초선, 중재, 유지의 순으로 실험을 진행하였다. 종속변인인 도전행동은 자리이탈 행동, 소음발생 행동, 과제방해 행동 3가지 유형으로 분류해서 부분간격기록법으로 관찰하여 기록하였다. 연구 결과, 생태학적 사정에 기 반한 선행사건 중재는 미술수업시간에서 지적장애학생의 도전행동을 기초선에 비해 중재 구간에 유의미 하게 감소시킬 수 있었다. 대상학생 모두 도전행동의 평균값이 크게 낮아졌으며 PND 값 100%, Tau-U 값 -1.00로 중재의 효과가 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 유지효과를 알아본 결과, 기초선과 비교해보면 기 초선과 유지 구간 간 PND 값이 100%로 중재효과가 유의미하게 유지되는 것으로 나타났다. 이런 연구 결과를 바탕으로 특수교육 현장에 적용할 수 있는 함의를 제언하였다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of antecedent-based intervention in the ecological assessment process on the maladaptive behaviors of students with intellectual disabilities. The participants were second-grade middle school students with intellectual disabilities who are enrolled in a special school. The subjects' personal, environmental, and teacher-related factors were analyzed using ecological assessment- direct observation, reviews of existing records, interviews, questionnaires, and functional analysis. The antecedent-based intervention was developed based on the results of ecological assessment. There were three types of challenging behaviors: seat breakaway, noise generation, and task interruption. These behaviors were observed and recorded using the partial interval recording method(20-second intervals comprising 17-second observations with 3-second recordings). Multiple-baseline research design, a type of single-subject design, was employed across three participants for baseline, intervention, and maintenance phases. The data were analyzed using six visual analysis methods: level of data, trend, distribution of data, immediacy effect, percentage of non-overlapping data, and persistence of data. These methods were recently suggested by What Works Clearinghouse (Kratochwill et al., 2013) as quality indicators for single-subject research designs. The results showed that antecedent-based intervention in the ecological assessment process significantly decreased the challenging behaviors of students with intellectual disabilities during art class through a comparison of the intervention interval. The mean value of challenging behaviors was significantly less in all subjects, the percentage of non-overlapping data (PND) value was 100%, and Tau-U value was -1.00, indicating that the effects of the intervention were significant. Compared to the baseline value, the PND value between the baseline and maintenance was 100%, indicating that the intervention effects were significantly consistent. These analyses were discussed in terms of educational implications to apply in special education practices.

Keywords: 생태학적 사정; 선행사건 중재; 도전행동; 단일대상연구; PND; Tau-U
Keywords: ecological assessment process; antecedent-based intervention; challenging behavior; single subject research; PND; Tau-U